 | Texas Pennsylvanian FossilsDedicated to the Study of Pennsylvanian Fossils, Sponsored by Members of the Dallas Paleontological Society |
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Brachiopods - Articulate | Brachiopods are a diverse group of marine invertebrates that arose in the Early Cambrian, were a dominant fauna in the Paleozoic, and still exist today, but in a much-reduced number and diversity. They are filter feeders that live within a pair of hinged shells and are usually attached to the substrate by a fleshy stalk called a pedicle. Although outwardly similar to molluscan bivalves, they have a different internal anatomy, and their shells are differentiated most easily by a difference in symmetry. Brachiopods have a plane of symmetry that bisects the two valves making left and right sides mirror images while Bivalves have their plane of symmetry between the two shells (each shell is a mirror image of the other). While juvenile brachiopods are quite small, the adults of most species are readily seen and identifiable without significant magnification. Specimens of Derbyia jacksboroensis can be as large as the palm of a hand. In the Finis, brachiopods are probably the most commonly found fossil and are second to only Molluscs in the number of species present. Almost four dozen species have been identified with genera such as Neochonetes, Lisochonetes, Crurithyris, Composita, Hustedia, and Rhipodomella being very commonly found. Scroll through images or click to enlarge. Fossils are in alphabetical order by Genus. Collections are from Mike DeBrock (MD), Josh Hanley (JH), Dr. Peter Holterhoff (PH), Mark McKinzie (MM), John McLeod (JM), Dr. Ben Neuman (BN), Bob Williams (BW), Sveta Earnest (SE), and Rodney Wise (RW). All scales are shown in millimeters unless otherwise noted. |
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Images | Taxonomy/Stratigraphy/ | Images | Taxonomy/Stratigraphy/ |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Productidae Genus: Antiquatonia Species: A. portlockiana Finis Shale, Graham Formation: Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhychionellata Order: Terebratulida Family: Beecheriidae Genus: Beecheria Species: B. bovidens Finis Shale, Graham Formation: Collection: BN |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productidina Family: Echinoconchidae Genus: Calliprotonia Species: C. renfrarum Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: JH, MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Linproductidae Subfamily: Paucispinauriinae Genus: Cancrinella Species: C. boonensis Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: JH |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Athyridida Family: Athyrididae Subfamily: Spirgerellinae Genus: Composita Species: C. ovata Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Athyridida Family: Athyrididae Subfamily: Spirgerellinae Genus: Composita Species: C. subtilita Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynconellata Order: Spiriferida Family: Ambocoeliidae Genus: Crurithyris Species: C. planoconvexa Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Orthotetida Family: Derbyiidae Genus: Derbyia Species: D. crassa Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: JH, MM, SE | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Orthotetida Family: Derbyiidae Genus: Derbyia Species: D. jacksboroensis Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM, SE, |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Orthida Suborder: Dalmanellidina Family: Enteletidae Genus: Enteletes Species: E. hemiplicatus Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Spiriferida Family: Spiriferellidae Genus: Eridmatus Species: E. texanus Finis Shale, Graham Formation Jacksboro, and Grosvenor, TX Collection: BN |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Prductida Family: Productellidae Subfamily: Overtoniinae Genus: Fimbrinia Species: F. plummeri Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonelliformea Order: Spiriferida Family: Trigonotretidae Subfamily: Neospiriferinae Genus: Gypospirifer Species: G. sp. Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Strophalosiidae Subfamily: Strophalosiinae Genus: Heteralosia Species: H. slocomi Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: JH, MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonelliformea Order: Athyridida Family: Neoretziidae Subfamily: Hustediinae Genus: Hustedia Species: H. mormoni Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Productellidae Genus: Hystriculana Species: H. texana Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Rugosochonetidae Genus: Imprimaria Species: I. imprimata Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN, MM |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Chileata Order: Dictyonellida Family: Isogrammidae Genus: Isogramma Species: I. renfrarum Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN, MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Productellidae Genus: Kutorginella Species: K. williamsi Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BW |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonelliformea Order: Rhynchonellida Family: Leiorhynchidae Subfamily: Leiorhynchinae Genus: Leiorhynchus Species: L. rockymontanum Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Strophalosiidae Subfamily: Strophalosiinae Genus: Leptalosia Species: L. ovalis Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: JH |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Prodcutida Suborder: Productidina Family: Linoproductidae Genus: Linoproductus Species: L. inornatus Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Cem, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Prodcutida Suborder: Productidina Family: Linoproductidae Genus: Linoproductus Species: L. meniscus Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Cem, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Prductida Suborder: Productidina Family: Linoproductidae Genus: Linoproductus Species: L. minispinus Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Suborder: Productidina Family: Linoproductidae Genus: Linoproductus Species: L. prattenianus Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Cem Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM, BN |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Rugosochonetidae Genus: Lissochonetes Species: L. primarius Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Strophomenida Family: Rugosochonetidae Subfamily: Plicochonetinae Genus: Neochonetes Species: N. emaciatus Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM, BN |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomneata Order: Strophomenida Family: Rugosochonetidae Subfamily: Plicochonetinae Genus: Neochonetes Species: N. meekanus Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN, | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Spiriferida Family: Trigonotretidae Genus: Neospirifer Species: N. dunbari Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Echinoconchidae Subfamily: Juresaniinae Genus: Parajuresania Species: P. nebrascensis Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Family: Subfamily: Genus: Parenteletes Species: P. sp. Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: SE |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Spiriferida Family: Reticulariidae Genus: Phricodothyris Species: P. perplexa Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: ? Order: ? Family: ? Genus: Porrigonia Species: P. hippogriffa Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Echinoconchidae Genus: Pulchratia Species: P. regularis Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN, SE | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Spiriferida Family: Punctospiriferidae Genus: Punctospirfer Species: P. kentuckensis Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: SE |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Strophomenata Order: Productida Family: Productidae Genus: Reticulatia Species: R. americana Finis Shale, Graham Formation LCD, Spillway, Jacksboro, TX Collection: MM, SE, BN, Jordan Neal | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Orthida Suborder: Dalmanellidina Family: Rhipidomellidae Genus: Rhipodpmelia Species: R. carbonaria Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN, MM |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Rhynchonellida Family: Rhynchoporidae Genus: Rhynchopora Species: R. magnicosta Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN, SE | Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: ? Order: ? Family: Sulcataria Genus: Sulcataria Species: S. jacksboroensis Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN, JH |
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Brachiopoda Class: Rhynchonellata Order: Rhynchonellida Family: Wellerellidae Genus: Wellerella Species: W. osagensis Finis Shale, Graham Formation Lost Creek Dam, Jacksboro, TX Collection: BN, MM |
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